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Many other Scientologist-run businesses and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management doctrines, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - Scientology Perth opening. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This area needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to assist in the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or highly regarded individuals. Though it has achieved some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in numerous countries, Scientology has actually likewise been described as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Game individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, several Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, malicious libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were business and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had at first demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the this contact form tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web poll run by the presidential shift group soliciting public input for the inbound administration. Scientology Perth.

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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with legally as a company, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was given a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head office situated at like it Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever committed by a company not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No person or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive techniques in addressing those it views as trying to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first outlined by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair video game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper known to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb hazards in her name. When finger these details prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.